The purpose of this review was to discuss and analyze the methodologies for developing and evaluating patient safety classifications/ontologies. Patient safety classifications/ontologies have been developed and evaluated using a variety of methods. Patient safety classifications/ontologies enable patient safety information systems to receive and analyze patient safety data to improve patient safety. Priority must be given to researching unhelpful mechanisms of goal setting for young people experiencing anxiety and/or depression, to avoid any potential iatrogenic effects. Several key literature gaps are identified, including evidenced links to the reduction in symptoms. Whilst the resultant sample is small, emphasis on the voices of young people in the research is both prominent and of paramount importance. Additionally, contextual factors including country and long-term therapy are explored. Individual preferences, or high levels of distress, trauma, low confidence, hopelessness, negative past experiences of goal setting, perfectionism, and rumination are considered limiting factors to goal setting. Goal setting helps make things more manageable, enabling young people to feel supported and have ownership of their care. Seven unique studies are included, combined with insight analysis from directed discussions with international advisors with lived experience of anxiety and/or depression and therapy (N = 8 mean age = 20.8), and mental health academics/clinicians (N = 6).įindings are presented as a narrative synthesis and suggest that goal setting is helpful to young people experiencing anxiety and/or depression because it helps build good therapeutic relationships through open communication and building trust. Online database searches generated 10,907 records. This study aims to explore the mechanisms of collaborative goal setting as part of therapeutic relationships: is it helpful for young people experiencing anxiety and/or depression, how and why/not, for whom, and under what circumstances? However, little is known about how, why or for whom this is helpful. Goal setting and goal-focused work is widely used in young people’s mental health settings.